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The outcome of Clinton’s trial reinforced the precedent that Presidents should only be removed from office only in limited circumstances. They also said that he had obstructed justice by encouraging White House staff to deny the affair. The articles of impeachment alleged that Clinton had perjured himself by lying to investigators about his relationship with Lewinsky.
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After his affair with former White House intern Monica Lewinsky became public in January 1998, Clinton at first adamantly denied to federal investigators - and the public - having had “sexual relations” with her. Like Johnson, President Bill Clinton had stirred up a lot of anger in Congress. Trefousse argues that the Senators who voted against removal decided that Johnson was being pushed out of office for political reasons: “ weakness of the case… convinced many that the charges were largely political, and that the violation of the Tenure of Office Act constituted neither a crime nor a violation of the Constitution but merely a pretext for Johnson’s opponents.” They also claimed that Johnson intended to push the Act before the Supreme Court. Johnson’s defense argued that he hadn’t appointed Secretary of War Stanton in the first place, which meant that he wasn’t violating the Tenure of Office Act. When he was tried in the Senate, Johnson ultimately held onto his presidency by a single vote, after seven Republicans decided to vote with Senate Democrats to keep him in office. Years later, the Supreme Court determined that the act was unconstitutional. Johnson was impeached by a two-thirds super majority of the House, and the case moved to the Senate for trial. The final straw came when he replaced Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, a Lincoln appointee who sided with the Radical Republicans, a faction of the party that favored enfranchisement and civil rights for freed African Americans.Ĭongress produced 11 articles of impeachment, which alleged that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act - a law intended to limit presidential power to remove federal appointees from office - and had found a replacement without consulting the Senate. This approach put him at odds with Congress.